{"id":3791,"date":"2026-01-16T14:03:19","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T06:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calcium-carbonate.epic-powder.com\/?p=3791"},"modified":"2026-03-20T14:55:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T06:55:06","slug":"what-are-calcium-carbonate-whiskers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calcium-carbonate.epic-powder.com\/vi\/what-are-calcium-carbonate-whiskers\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 (whiskers) l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i m\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh kim. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 c\u01a1. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m SiC, Si\u2083N\u2084, K\u2082Ti\u2081\u2083O\u2083\u2080, Al\u2081\u2088B\u2084O\u2083\u2083, ZnO, MgO, Al\u2082O\u2083 v\u00e0 CaCO\u2083. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u00ean trong s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf thang micromet. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sai l\u1ec7ch, l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ee3i r\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y, cao su, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e2u ria<\/th>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \/(g\/cm\u00b3)<\/th>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \/\u03bcm<\/th>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \/\u03bcm<\/th>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \/GPa<\/th>M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \/ GPa<\/th>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Mohs<\/th>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \/(10\u207b\u2076\/\u00b0C)<\/th>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \/\u00b0C<\/th>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \/\u00b0C<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
SiC<\/td>3.18<\/td>0,05\u20137<\/td>5\u2013200<\/td>21<\/td>490<\/td>9<\/td>4.0<\/td>2690<\/td>1600<\/td><\/tr>
Si\u2083N\u2084<\/td>3.2<\/td>0,1\u20131,6<\/td>5\u2013200<\/td>14<\/td>380<\/td>3.0<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1900<\/td>1700<\/td><\/tr>
K\u2082Ti\u2084O\u2089<\/td>3.3<\/td>0,1\u20131,5<\/td>10\u2013100<\/td>7<\/td>280<\/td>4<\/td>6.8<\/td>1370<\/td>1200<\/td><\/tr>
Al\u2081\u2088B\u2084O\u2083\u2083<\/td>2.93<\/td>0,5\u20131<\/td>10\u201320<\/td>8<\/td>400<\/td>7<\/td>4.2<\/td>1950<\/td>1200<\/td><\/tr>
ZnO<\/td>5.78<\/td>5<\/td>2\u2013300<\/td>10<\/td>350<\/td>4<\/td>4.0<\/td>1720<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
MgO<\/td>3.6<\/td>3.0\u201310<\/td>200\u2013300<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>13.5<\/td>2850<\/td>2800<\/td><\/tr>
Al\u2082O\u2083<\/td>3.96<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>21<\/td>430<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>2040<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
CaCO\u2083<\/td>2.8<\/td>1\u20135<\/td>20\u201360<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>3<\/td>\u2014<\/td>759<\/td>640<\/td><\/tr>
CaSO\u2084<\/td>2.69<\/td>1\u20134<\/td>100\u2013200<\/td>20.5<\/td>178<\/td>3\u20134<\/td>\u2014<\/td>1450<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Canxi cacbonat<\/a> R\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat (CW) l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Khi quan s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00ecnh kim ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330 \u03bcm, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 0,5\u20131,0 \u03bcm. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 759 \u00b0C, v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 2,86 g\/cm\u00b3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i ng\u1eafn m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3, s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: lo\u1ea1i canxit, lo\u1ea1i aragonit v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i vaterit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t gia c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u xi m\u0103ng, nh\u1ef1a, ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Maruo, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i mu\u1ed9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m cacbonat h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y k\u00e9p, th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sol-gel v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cacbonat h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Chu\u1ea9n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>Ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tinh th\u1ec3<\/th>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/th>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cacbon h\u00f3a<\/td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/td>C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, \u5bb9\u6613 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t \/ ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y k\u00e9p<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ec1u cao\/chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, chu k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e0i<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khung h\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y canxi bicacbonat<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>R\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i r\u00e2u l\u1edbn<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sol-gel<\/td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cao.<\/td>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p si\u00eau tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c \/ tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c cao<\/td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khung h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn, chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn<\/td>C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cacbon h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cacbonat h\u00f3a, kh\u00ed carbon dioxide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 canxi hydroxit \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i aragonit. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00ed-l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p canxi cacbonat k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed-l\u1ecfng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng CO\u2082 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u00f9n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t canxit ho\u1eb7c canxi magie cacbonat. Th\u1ee9 hai, vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cacbonat h\u00f3a v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa dung d\u1ecbch cacbonat c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i canxi h\u00f2a tan ho\u1eb7c \u00edt tan trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra canxi cacbonat d\u1ea1ng canxit. Canxi cacbonat d\u1ea1ng aragonit ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y k\u00e9p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y k\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i canxi h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt. Mu\u1ed1i canxi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 CaCl\u2082. Mu\u1ed1i cacbonat th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m Na\u2082CO\u2083 ho\u1eb7c K\u2082CO\u2083. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CaCl\u2082 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a Ca\u00b2\u207a c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft tinh v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh canxit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh thay v\u00ec aragonit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111un n\u00f3ng dung d\u1ecbch Ca(HCO\u2083)\u2082<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, dung d\u1ecbch canxi bicacbonat c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ca(HCO\u2083)\u2082 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, carbon dioxide v\u00e0 canxi cacbonat. C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 sung li\u00ean t\u1ee5c canxi hydroxit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a magie clorua, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea7m tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, canxi hydroxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00eam canxi hydroxit, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ion canxi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e3o h\u00f2a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 canxi cacbonat ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3u aragonit c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft tinh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng si\u00eau tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p canxi cacbonat trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng si\u00eau tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. Dung d\u1ecbch magie clorua v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p canxi hydroxit d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng si\u00eau tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t r\u00f4to quay t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 g\u1eafn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Magie clorua \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Ca(OH)\u2082\u2013CO\u2082, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a r\u00f4to, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cacbonat h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 magie clorua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea, CO\u2082 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i canxi h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a th\u1ea5p, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed cacbon c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, axit axetic ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi canxi hydroxit \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch canxi axetat c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i aragonit tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 0,05 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,6 mol\u00b7L\u207b\u00b9. Khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c axit cacboxylic h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng CO\u2082 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacboxyl h\u00f3a. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng CO\u2082 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbonat \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh CaCO\u2083 d\u1ea1ng canxit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t <\/a>c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0110i\u1ec1u<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng axit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i r\u00e2u cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y nh\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    X\u1eed l\u00fd \u01b0\u1edbt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd \u01b0\u1edbt, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 canxi cacbonat. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sau khi ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd \u01b0\u1edbt mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nano canxi cacbonat trong pha l\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m axit b\u00e9o (v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang) v\u00e0 este photphat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \"M\u00e1y<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ee3i canxi cacbonat bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n